• Original research article
  • May 1, 2018
  • Open access

POLITENESS FORMULAS IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. HOLISTIC APPROACH

Abstract

Politeness formulas in the English language are interpreted in the light of a new holistic conception of the language as a form of a human’s cognitive activity aimed to fit him into the environment. Interpretation of the language as a means of adaptive behaviour draws attention to situational, or speech context and the peculiarities of perceiving a human as a subject of cognition. The author shows that the statement softens and becomes less categorical due to a human’s consciousness detachment from the process of speaking in the moment of speech, which occurs as a result of opposition of the speaker’s conceptual knowledge and the observer’s phenomenological knowledge.

References

  1. Емельянова О. В., Зеленщиков А. В., Петрова Е. С. и др. A New University English Grammar (Грамматика современного английского языка): учебник для студ. высш. учеб. заведений / под ред. А. В. Зеленщикова, Е. С. Петровой. М. - СПб.: Издательский центр «Академия»; Филол. факультет СПбГУ, 2003. 640 с.
  2. Залевская А. А. Введение в психолингвистику. М.: Рос. гос. гуманит. ун-т, 2000. 382 с.
  3. Леонтьев А. Н. Деятельность. Сознание. Личность. М.: Политиздат, 1977. 304 с.
  4. Мамардашвили М. К. Стрела познания: набросок естественноисторической гносеологии / под ред. Ю. П. Сенокосова. М.: Аванта+, 1996. 307 с.
  5. Моррис Ч. У. Основания теории знаков // Семиотика. М.: Радуга, 1983. С. 37-89.
  6. Сеченов И. М. Элементы мысли // Сеченов И. М. Избранные произведения. М.: Учпедгиз, 1953. С. 84-121.
  7. British National Corpus [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://corpus.byu.edu/bnc/ (дата обращения: 21.01.2018).
  8. Chomsky N. Of minds and language // Biolinguistics. 2007. Vol. 1. P. 9-27.
  9. Kravchenko A. V. Language as human ecology: а new agenda for linguistic education // New Ideas in Psychology. 2016. Vol. 42. P. 14-20.
  10. Kravchenko A. V. Two views on language ecology and ecolinguistics // Language Sciences. 2016. Vol. 54. P. 102-113.
  11. Leech G. N. Meaning and the English verb. L.: Oxford University Press, 2014. 139 p.
  12. Lewis M. The English Verb. An Exploration of Structure and Meaning. L.: Cambridge University Press, 1991. 180 p.
  13. Romanini V., Fernández E. Peirce and Biosemiotics // Biosemiotics / ed. by V. Romanini, E. Fernández. Dordrecht: Springer Publishing, 2014. P. 241-329.
  14. Swan M. Practical English Usage. L.: Oxford University Press, 2005. 658 p.
  15. Thomson A. J., Martinet A. V. A Practical English Grammar. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997. 383 p.
  16. Varela F. J. Cognition without representations // Rivista di Biologia. 1999. Vol. 3. № 52. P. 511-512.

Author information

Ekaterina Borisovna Zhulina

Saint Petersburg University

About this article

Publication history

  • Received: February 19, 2018.
  • Published: May 1, 2018.

Keywords

  • биология языка
  • восприятие
  • адаптация
  • наблюдатель
  • феноменологическое знание
  • структуральное знание
  • формулы вежливости в английском языке
  • biology of language
  • perception
  • adaptation
  • observer
  • phenomenological knowledge
  • structural knowledge
  • politeness formulas in the English language

Copyright

© 2018 The Author(s)
© 2018 Gramota Publishing, LLC

User license

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)